Class IX :: Chapter14 - NATURAL RESOURCES
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- Natural Resources: Materials from nature essential for life—air, water, soil, minerals.
- Atmosphere: Blanket of gases; regulates temperature, causes winds, enables respiration.
- Wind Formation: Due to uneven heating of Earth’s surface creating pressure differences.
- Sea & Land Breeze: Day: sea to land (land heats faster). Night: land to sea.
- Rain Formation: Evaporation → Condensation (on nuclei) → Precipitation.
- Air Pollution: Caused by burning fossil fuels (SO₂, NOₓ, particulates) → smog, acid rain.
- Water Cycle: Evaporation → Condensation → Precipitation → Runoff/Infiltration.
- Water Pollution: Addition of chemicals, waste, heat; reduces dissolved oxygen.
- Soil Formation: Weathering of rocks by sun, water, wind, living organisms.
- Soil Layers: Topsoil (humus, organisms), Subsoil, Bedrock.
- Soil Erosion: Removal of topsoil by water/wind; prevented by vegetation, contour ploughing.
- Biogeochemical Cycles: Recycling of water, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen between biotic/abiotic components.
- Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis (fixes CO₂), respiration, combustion, decomposition.
- Greenhouse Effect: Gases (CO₂, CH₄) trap heat → maintains Earth’s temperature.
- Global Warming: Enhanced greenhouse effect due to human activities → climate change.
- Nitrogen Cycle: Fixation → Nitrification → Assimilation → Ammonification → Denitrification.
- Ozone Layer: O₃ in stratosphere; absorbs UV radiation; depleted by CFCs.
- Renewable Resources: Can be replenished (solar, wind, forests).
- Non-renewable Resources: Finite; exhaustible (fossil fuels, minerals).
- Sustainable Management: Using resources to meet present needs without compromising future.
Basic Level Questions
Chapter Summary
"Natural Resources," takes you on a journey through Earth's life-support systems. It moves beyond listing resources like air, water, and soil, to explain the dynamic processes—wind formation, rain cycles, soil creation, and biogeochemical cycles—that make our planet habitable. Crucially, it highlights the delicate balance of these systems and how human activities are disrupting them through pollution, deforestation, and unsustainable practices.
We turn the vast interconnected concepts of this chapter into manageable, exam-ready knowledge. Our tiered MCQ system—from basic recall to hard analytical scenarios—mirrors the exact progression of difficulty you'll face. By practicing here, you solidify your grasp on key processes (like nitrogen fixation steps), learn to distinguish between similar concepts (weathering vs. erosion, greenhouse effect vs. global warming), and apply knowledge to real-world problems (e.g., predicting the effect of deforestation on the water cycle). This targeted, repetitive practice builds the speed and accuracy needed to tackle any board or competitive exam question with confidence, ensuring you can explain complex cycles and environmental issues clearly and correctly.