Sources of Energy — Class 10 Science MCQs

NCERT | CBSE Curriculum

Practice 100+ MCQs on Sources of Energy for Class 10.
Learn about Conventional & non-conventional, solar, wind, nuclear energy, biogas & renewable sources.
Instant answers & performance report.

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Quick Revision: Sources of Energy

  • Good Source of Energy: Does large work per unit mass, easily accessible, easy to store/transport, economical.
  • Fossil Fuels: Coal, petroleum, natural gas; non-renewable, cause air pollution & greenhouse effect.
  • Thermal Power Plant: Burns fossil fuel → heats water → steam → turbine → electricity.
  • Hydroelectric Plant: Potential energy of stored water → kinetic → turbine → electricity; renewable but causes ecological issues.
  • Biomass: Plant/animal material; wood, cow dung, crop residue; can be converted to biogas.
  • Biogas (Gobar Gas): Anaerobic digestion of biomass; contains ~75% methane; burns smokeless, leaves nutrient-rich slurry.
  • Wind Energy: Kinetic energy of wind → windmill blades → turbine → electricity; needs wind speed >15 km/h, wind farms.
  • Solar Energy: Sun's radiation; used in solar cookers (greenhouse effect), water heaters, solar cells (photovoltaic).
  • Solar Cell: Converts sunlight directly to electricity; made of silicon; no moving parts, low maintenance.
  • Tidal Energy: Uses gravitational pull of moon on seawater; dams built across narrow openings.
  • Wave Energy: Harnesses kinetic energy of sea waves.
  • Ocean Thermal Energy (OTEC): Uses temperature difference (≥20°C) between surface & deep water.
  • Geothermal Energy: Heat from Earth's interior; hot springs/geysers; limited viable sites.
  • Nuclear Fission: Heavy nucleus (U-235) splits → releases huge energy; used in nuclear reactors; radioactive waste issue.
  • Nuclear Fusion: Light nuclei fuse (e.g., hydrogen → helium); occurs in sun; requires extreme T & P.
  • Renewable Sources: Solar, wind, biomass, hydro, tidal, geothermal (inexhaustible).
  • Non-renewable Sources: Fossil fuels, nuclear (uranium) (exhaustible).
  • Solar Constant: ~1.4 kW/m²; solar energy reaching Earth's outer atmosphere.
  • Energy Density: Nuclear > Fossil fuels > Biomass.
  • Environmental Impact: Fossil fuels pollute; large dams displace people; nuclear waste hazardous; renewables cleaner.

External Resources: Byjus - Sources of Energy | Khan Academy - Energy

Chapter Summary: Sources of Energy

Sources of Energy MCQ Class 10 explores how we power our world—from traditional fossil fuels to futuristic nuclear fusion. We learn to classify energy sources as conventional (fossil fuels, hydro) and non-conventional (solar, wind, biogas), renewable and non-renewable. We understand how electricity is generated in thermal, hydro, and nuclear plants, and how simpler technologies like solar cookers, biogas plants, and windmills work.

We study the greenhouse effect in solar cookers, anaerobic digestion in biogas production, and the science behind nuclear fission and fusion. We also learn about tidal, wave, ocean thermal, and geothermal energy, along with their limitations and environmental impacts.

This comprehensive chapter demands clarity on classification, working principles, and numerical problems on efficiency and power output. Regular practice builds confidence in answering both conceptual and application-based questions.