Pollution of Air and Water

Science Class 8 : Chapter 18

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Quick Revision : Pollution of Air and Water

  • Air Pollution: Contamination of air by unwanted substances (pollutants) harmful to living and non-living things.
  • Major Air Pollutants: Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, CFCs, suspended particulate matter.
  • Greenhouse Effect: Natural process where gases trap heat, maintaining Earth's temperature. Enhanced by human activities causing global warming.
  • Global Warming: Increase in Earth's average temperature due to excess greenhouse gases (COβ‚‚, methane).
  • Acid Rain: Rain with acidic components (sulphuric/nitric acid) from air pollutants, damages buildings, monuments, soil.
  • Water Pollution: Contamination of water by harmful substances (sewage, industrial waste, chemicals).
  • Potable Water: Water safe for drinking, treated by filtration, boiling, chlorination.
  • Case Studies: Taj Mahal (marble cancer from acid rain), Ganga River (pollution from industrial/domestic waste).
  • Solutions: Reduce vehicle emissions, use cleaner fuels (CNG), plant trees, water treatment, reduce-reuse-recycle.
  • Ozone Layer: Protects from UV rays, damaged by CFCs from refrigerators and aerosols.

Questions

Chapter Summary : Pollution of Air and Water

What You Will Learn: This chapter covers air and water pollution - their causes, effects, and solutions. It discusses major pollutants, greenhouse effect, global warming, acid rain, water contamination, case studies of Taj Mahal and Ganga River, and methods for water purification. The chapter emphasizes individual and collective actions to reduce pollution.

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