Physics X - Chapter 02: Acids, Bases and Salts
Chapter-wise Multiple Choice Questions with Instant Feedback
Quick Revision Box
- Acids: Substances that release H⁺ ions in water, turn blue litmus red, and have pH < 7.
- Bases: Substances that release OH⁻ ions in water, turn red litmus blue, and have pH > 7.
- pH Scale: Measures acidity/basicity (0-14); pH 7 = neutral, pH < 7 = acidic, pH > 7 = basic.
- Indicators: Substances showing color change with pH (Litmus, Phenolphthalein, Methyl Orange).
- Neutralization: Acid + Base → Salt + Water + Heat (exothermic reaction).
- Strong Acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃ (complete ionization in water).
- Weak Acids: CH₃COOH, H₂CO₃, H₃PO₄ (partial ionization in water).
- Metal + Acid: Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas (except with HNO₃).
- Metal Carbonate + Acid: Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + CO₂ gas.
- Metal Hydrogen Carbonate + Acid: Metal Hydrogen Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + CO₂.
- Metal Oxide + Acid: Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water (basic nature).
- Non-metal Oxide + Base: Non-metal Oxide + Base → Salt + Water (acidic nature).
- Amphoteric Substances: React with both acids and bases (Al₂O₃, ZnO, Al, Zn).
- pH in Daily Life: Stomach pH ~1.5-3.5, Blood pH ~7.36-7.44, Soil pH affects plant growth.
- Common Salt (NaCl): Raw material for NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, HCl, and bleaching powder.
- Baking Soda (NaHCO₃): Used in baking, antacid, fire extinguishers.
- Washing Soda (Na₂CO₃.10H₂O): Used in glass, paper, soap industries; water softening.
- Bleaching Powder (CaOCl₂): Used for bleaching, disinfecting water, oxidizing agent.
- Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄.½H₂O): Sets with water to form gypsum; used for casts, molds.
- Water of Crystallization: Fixed water molecules in crystal structure (CuSO₄.5H₂O, CaSO₄.2H₂O).
Basic Level Questions
Chapter Summary: Acids, Bases and Salts
In this chapter, you'll dive into the fascinating world of acids, bases, and salts—the chemical substances you encounter every day. You'll learn how to identify them using natural and synthetic indicators, understand their chemical behavior with metals, carbonates, and each other, and explore the all-important pH scale that measures acidity or alkalinity. Beyond theory, you'll discover how common salt (sodium chloride) acts as a chemical powerhouse, giving us products like baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder. The chapter also explains practical concepts like water of crystallization and how soaps and detergents clean your clothes.
This chapter is a high-scoring unit for both board exams and competitive tests like NTSE and Olympiads. It combines conceptual knowledge with practical applications—expect questions on chemical reactions, pH calculations, identifying salts, and everyday uses of compounds. Mastering reactions like neutralization, metal-acid interactions, and the preparation of important chemicals can help you answer short, long, and multiple-choice questions confidently. Diagrams of experiments, pH charts, and real-life examples are frequently asked.
Our platform turns your learning into exam-ready confidence with structured, topic-wise MCQ banks that cover everything from basic definitions to tricky reaction-based problems. You can test your understanding of acid-base behavior, pH calculations, salt preparation, and detergent action through thoughtfully designed quizzes. By practicing here, you build speed, accuracy, and conceptual clarity—making sure you don't just memorize, but truly understand how acids, bases, and salts shape the world around you.