Acids, Bases and Salts — Class 10 Science MCQs

NCERT | CBSE Curriculum

Practice 100+ MCQs on Acids, Bases and Salts for Class 10.
pH scale, neutralisation, indicators, strong & weak acids, salts & their uses — with instant answers.
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Quick Revision: Acids, Bases and Salts

  • Acids: Substances that release H⁺ ions in water, turn blue litmus red, and have pH < 7.
  • Bases: Substances that release OH⁻ ions in water, turn red litmus blue, and have pH > 7.
  • pH Scale: Measures acidity/basicity (0-14); pH 7 = neutral, pH < 7 = acidic, pH > 7 = basic.
  • Indicators: Substances showing color change with pH (Litmus, Phenolphthalein, Methyl Orange).
  • Neutralization: Acid + Base → Salt + Water + Heat (exothermic reaction).
  • Strong Acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃ (complete ionization in water).
  • Weak Acids: CH₃COOH, H₂CO₃, H₃PO₄ (partial ionization in water).
  • Metal + Acid: Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen gas (except with HNO₃).
  • Metal Carbonate + Acid: Metal Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + CO₂ gas.
  • Metal Hydrogen Carbonate + Acid: Metal Hydrogen Carbonate + Acid → Salt + Water + CO₂.
  • Metal Oxide + Acid: Metal Oxide + Acid → Salt + Water (basic nature).
  • Non-metal Oxide + Base: Non-metal Oxide + Base → Salt + Water (acidic nature).
  • Amphoteric Substances: React with both acids and bases (Al₂O₃, ZnO, Al, Zn).
  • pH in Daily Life: Stomach pH ~1.5-3.5, Blood pH ~7.36-7.44, Soil pH affects plant growth.
  • Common Salt (NaCl): Raw material for NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, HCl, and bleaching powder.
  • Baking Soda (NaHCO₃): Used in baking, antacid, fire extinguishers.
  • Washing Soda (Na₂CO₃.10H₂O): Used in glass, paper, soap industries; water softening.
  • Bleaching Powder (CaOCl₂): Used for bleaching, disinfecting water, oxidizing agent.
  • Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄.½H₂O): Sets with water to form gypsum; used for casts, molds.
  • Water of Crystallization: Fixed water molecules in crystal structure (CuSO₄.5H₂O, CaSO₄.2H₂O).

External Resources: Byjus - Acids, Bases and Salts | Khan Academy - Acids and Bases

Chapter Summary: Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts MCQ Class 10 dives into the fascinating world of acids, bases, and salts—substances you encounter every day. We learn to identify them using natural and synthetic indicators, understand their chemical behavior with metals, carbonates, and each other, and explore the all-important pH scale that measures acidity or alkalinity.

We study neutralization reactions, the difference between strong and weak acids, and how metal oxides and non-metal oxides react. Beyond theory, we discover how common salt (sodium chloride) acts as a chemical powerhouse, giving us products like baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder. The chapter also explains practical concepts like water of crystallization and how salts are used in daily life.

This chapter is a high-scoring unit for both board exams and competitive tests. It combines conceptual knowledge with practical applications—expect questions on chemical reactions, pH calculations, identifying salts, and everyday uses of compounds. Regular practice builds your confidence in answering short, long, and multiple-choice questions effectively.