Physics X - Chapter 09: Heredity and Evolution
Chapter-wise Multiple Choice Questions with Instant Feedback
Quick Revision : Heredity and Evolution
- Heredity: Transmission of traits from parents to offspring via genes.
- Mendel’s Laws: Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment.
- Monohybrid Cross: F2 phenotypic ratio = 3:1; genotypic ratio = 1:2:1.
- Dihybrid Cross: F2 phenotypic ratio = 9:3:3:1.
- Sex Determination: Humans: XX (female), XY (male). Father’s sperm determines sex.
- Evolution: Gradual change in heritable traits over generations.
- Natural Selection: Survival of the fittest; advantageous traits increase in frequency.
- Genetic Drift: Random change in allele frequency; stronger in small populations.
- Speciation: Formation of new species due to isolation, genetic drift, natural selection.
- Fossils: Preserved remains of ancient organisms; evidence for evolution.
- Homologous Organs: Similar origin, different function (e.g., human arm, bat wing).
- Analogous Organs: Different origin, similar function (e.g., bird wing, insect wing).
- Miller-Urey Experiment: Showed organic molecules could form from inorganic precursors.
- Human Evolution: Homo sapiens originated in Africa; “Out of Africa” theory.
- Acquired Traits: Not inherited; only genetic changes in germ cells are passed on.
- Variations: Differences among individuals; raw material for evolution.
Basic Level Questions
Chapter Summary : Heredity and Evolution
This chapter unravels the mysteries of inheritance and the story of life's transformation over time. You'll explore how traits are passed from parents to offspring through Mendel's groundbreaking experiments with pea plants. You'll understand genetic terminology, sex determination, and the mechanisms of evolution—natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation. You'll also examine the evidence for evolution through fossils, homologous and analogous structures, and molecular biology. Finally, you'll trace human origins and learn why variations are the engine of evolutionary change.
"Heredity and Evolution" is a high-weightage, concept-rich chapter in CBSE Board Exams and competitive tests like NTSE and Science Olympiads. Expect questions on genetic crosses (Punnett squares), sex-linked inheritance, evolutionary theories, and evidence for evolution. Diagram-based questions on homologous/analogous structures and fossil layers are common. Numerical problems on genotypic ratios and allele frequencies also appear. Mastering this chapter equips you to tackle both theoretical and application-based questions confidently.
Our platform transforms complex genetics and evolution concepts into manageable, exam-focused practice. With carefully graded MCQs—from basic Mendelian ratios to advanced evolutionary scenarios—you can systematically test and reinforce your understanding. Whether it's solving dihybrid crosses, analyzing fossil evidence, or distinguishing between genetic drift and natural selection, our targeted questions build analytical skills, speed, and accuracy. This focused preparation ensures you can decode inheritance patterns and evolutionary principles effortlessly, turning challenging theory into scoring opportunities.