Physics X - Chapter 12: Electricity
Solve Electricity MCQs for Class 10 Science. Practice Ohm's law, circuits, resistance, power, and electrical safety for board exams.
Quick Revision : Electricity
- Electric Current: Flow of electric charge; I = Q/t; SI unit: Ampere (A).
- Potential Difference: Work done to move unit charge; V = W/Q; SI unit: Volt (V).
- Ohm's Law: V = IR (at constant temperature); Voltage ∝ Current.
- Resistance: Opposition to current flow; R = V/I; SI unit: Ohm (Ω).
- Resistivity: ρ = RA/l; depends on material nature and temperature.
- Series Combination: R = R₁ + R₂ + R₃; Current same, voltage divides.
- Parallel Combination: 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃; Voltage same, current divides.
- Heating Effect: H = I²Rt (Joule's Law); Applications: heater, iron, bulb.
- Electrical Power: P = VI = I²R = V²/R; SI unit: Watt (W).
- Electrical Energy: E = P × t; Commercial unit: kilowatt-hour (kWh).
- Fuse: Safety device; low melting point; protects from overcurrent.
- Magnetic Effect: Current produces magnetic field; right-hand thumb rule.
- Electromagnet: Temporary magnet; strength depends on current and turns.
- Electric Motor: Converts electrical to mechanical energy; Fleming's left-hand rule.
- Electromagnetic Induction: Production of current by changing magnetic field.
- Electric Generator: Converts mechanical to electrical energy; Fleming's right-hand rule.
- Domestic Circuit: Parallel combination; live, neutral, earth wires; 5A and 15A circuits.
- Short Circuit: Direct connection of live and neutral wires; causes overcurrent.
- Overloading: Too many appliances drawing current beyond safe limit.
- Earthing: Safety measure; provides path for leakage current to ground.
Basic Level Questions
Chapter 12 : Electricity
Chapter Summary: This chapter illuminates the fundamental concepts that power our modern world—electricity. You'll journey from understanding what makes electrons flow as current to mastering Ohm's Law, the cornerstone relationship between voltage, current, and resistance. Explore how materials resist current flow, why copper wires your home while tungsten glows in bulbs, and how resistors combine in series and parallel circuits. Discover the heating effect that makes toasters work and irons press clothes, and learn to calculate electrical power consumption in your home. Through practical examples and circuit diagrams, you'll see how theoretical concepts become the working principles behind every electrical device you use daily.
This chapter is a high-scoring physics unit with balanced theory and numerical problems. Expect direct questions on definitions, Ohm's Law applications, resistance combinations, and heating effect calculations. Numerical problems on series/parallel circuits, resistivity, power consumption, and electricity bills are frequent. Diagram-based questions (circuit diagrams, V-I graphs) and practical application questions (why bulbs glow, fuse function) are common. Mastering this chapter ensures marks from both conceptual understanding and problem-solving sections.
Our platform makes electrical concepts clear and calculations confident. Through structured MCQs, you can practice circuit analysis, Ohm's Law applications, resistance calculations, and power/energy problems. Our question bank includes theoretical concepts, numerical problems, and circuit diagram interpretations—all aligned with board patterns. Interactive practice helps you visualize current flow, understand resistor networks, and apply formulas correctly. With step-by-step solutions and difficulty progression, you'll build the problem-solving speed and accuracy needed to excel in both theory and numerical questions, turning electricity from a challenging topic into your scoring strength.