Heredity and Evolution — Class 10 Science MCQs

NCERT | CBSE Curriculum

Practice 100+ MCQs on Heredity and Evolution for Class 10.
Mendel's laws, Punnett square, dominant/recessive traits, DNA, natural selection & evolution.
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Quick Revision: Heredity and Evolution

  • Heredity: Transmission of traits from parents to offspring via genes.
  • Mendel's Laws: Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, Law of Independent Assortment.
  • Monohybrid Cross: F2 phenotypic ratio = 3:1; genotypic ratio = 1:2:1.
  • Dihybrid Cross: F2 phenotypic ratio = 9:3:3:1.
  • Sex Determination: Humans: XX (female), XY (male). Father's sperm determines sex.
  • Evolution: Gradual change in heritable traits over generations.
  • Natural Selection: Survival of the fittest; advantageous traits increase in frequency.
  • Genetic Drift: Random change in allele frequency; stronger in small populations.
  • Speciation: Formation of new species due to isolation, genetic drift, natural selection.
  • Fossils: Preserved remains of ancient organisms; evidence for evolution.
  • Homologous Organs: Similar origin, different function (e.g., human arm, bat wing).
  • Analogous Organs: Different origin, similar function (e.g., bird wing, insect wing).
  • Miller-Urey Experiment: Showed organic molecules could form from inorganic precursors.
  • Human Evolution: Homo sapiens originated in Africa; "Out of Africa" theory.
  • Acquired Traits: Not inherited; only genetic changes in germ cells are passed on.
  • Variations: Differences among individuals; raw material for evolution.

External Resources: Byjus - Heredity and Evolution | Khan Academy - Heredity and Evolution

Chapter Summary: Heredity and Evolution

Heredity and Evolution MCQ Class 10 unravels the mysteries of inheritance and the story of life's transformation over time. We explore how traits are passed from parents to offspring through Mendel's laws using pea plant experiments. We understand genetic terminology, sex determination, and the mechanisms of evolution—natural selection, genetic drift, and speciation.

We examine the evidence for evolution through fossils, homologous and analogous structures, and molecular biology. We trace human origins and learn why variations are the engine of evolutionary change. The chapter covers Mendelian ratios, Punnett squares, and the Miller-Urey experiment supporting chemical evolution.

This concept-rich chapter demands clarity on genetic crosses, sex-linked inheritance, evolutionary theories, and evidence for evolution. Regular practice builds confidence in solving numerical problems on genotypic ratios, analyzing evolutionary evidence, and answering diagram-based questions.