Carbon and its Compounds — Class 10 Science MCQs

NCERT | CBSE Curriculum

Practice 100+ MCQs on Carbon and its Compounds for Class 10.
Covalent bonds, allotropes, homologous series, functional groups, alkanes, alcohols & soaps — with answers.
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Quick Revision: Carbon and its Compounds

  • Covalent Bond: Bond formed by sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms.
  • Allotropes of Carbon: Diamond (rigid, hardest), Graphite (soft, conductor), Fullerenes (cage-like molecules).
  • Hydrocarbons: Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen (saturated/unsaturated).
  • Alkanes: Single bonds (C-C), general formula CnH2n+2 (e.g., Methane, Ethane).
  • Alkenes: Double bond (C=C), general formula CnH2n (e.g., Ethene).
  • Alkynes: Triple bond (C≡C), general formula CnH2n-2 (e.g., Ethyne).
  • Functional Groups: Specific atom/group that determines properties (e.g., -OH, -CHO, -COOH, -NH₂, -Cl).
  • Homologous Series: Series of compounds with same functional group, differing by CH₂.
  • Isomers: Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures.
  • Ethanol (C₂H₅OH): Alcohol used in beverages, antiseptic; reacts with Na to give H₂.
  • Ethanoic Acid (CH₃COOH): Acetic acid in vinegar; reacts with carbonates to give CO₂.
  • Esterification: Alcohol + Carboxylic acid → Ester + Water (pleasant smell).
  • Saponification: Ester + NaOH → Soap + Glycerol (reaction for soap making).
  • Soaps: Sodium salts of fatty acids; form micelles in water.
  • Detergents: Synthetic cleansing agents; work in hard water (soaps form scum).

External Resources: Byjus - Carbon and its Compounds | Khan Academy - Organic Chemistry

Chapter Summary: Carbon and its Compounds

Carbon and its Compounds MCQ Class 10 explores the versatile element carbon that forms millions of compounds. We learn about covalent bonding, the allotropes of carbon (diamond, graphite, fullerenes), and how carbon catenates to form chains and rings.

We study hydrocarbons—saturated (alkanes) and unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes)—their nomenclature, and the concept of homologous series and isomerism. We also explore important functional groups like alcohols (-OH), aldehydes (-CHO), carboxylic acids (-COOH), and their characteristic reactions.

We learn about ethanol and ethanoic acid, their properties and reactions. The chapter also covers esterification, saponification, and the chemistry of soaps and detergents. This chapter is crucial for board exams with questions on naming compounds, identifying functional groups, chemical reactions, and everyday applications of carbon compounds.